Sidhpur is a sacred
town, around 103 kms. north of Ahmedabad. It is situated on the
left bank of the River Saraswati, around 24 kms upstream of
Anhilwad Patan, the old capital of Gujarat before Ahmedabad was
founded in the first quarter of the fifteenth century. The town is
a revered destination, flanked by temples, kunds, ashrams and other
sacred structures. Around the 10th century, under the Solanki
rulers, this town was at the pinnacle of prominence and glory. It
derived its name from the great ruler of Gujarat, Siddhraj Jaisinh
from the Solanki dynasty.
Raja
Siddhraj built a magnificent temple dedicated to Lord Shiva called
as the ‘Rudra Mahalaya’ in 12th century AD. The temple was an
architectural wonder with a three-storeyed 'shikhara', 1600
pillars, 12 entrance doors, central 'mandapa' and porches on east,
north and south and sanctum in west. Around the temple, there were
11 shrines of Rudra. The eastern gate was adorned with beautifully
carved 'Toran', with a flight of steps leading to the Saraswati
River. The ornamentation of the temple was exuberant as shown by
the elaborate and detailed carvings of the pillars and the
beautiful Toran, which are the only remains of the temple
today.
In
Vedas, this modern day Sidhpur is mentioned as ‘Shristhal’ or a
‘pious place’. Of the five most holy and ancient lakes in India is
the Bindu Sarovar, which lies here in Siddpur. According to the
Hindu religion, it is said that as the obsequies offerings to the
paternal ancestors must be made at Gaya, so corresponding offerings
to the maternal ancestors have to be performed at Sidhpur. Thus
Sidhpur has the importance of ‘Martu Gaya’ or ‘Matru Shraddh’, a
place where people come annually to perform the rituals for their
mothers who are in heavenly abode. These ceremonies are presided
over by the Brahmins, who are treated with high regard. They are
performed at Kapilamuni Ashram, where 3 sacred water kunds: the
Gyan Vapika, Alpa Sarovar and Bindu Sarovar are present. It is also
said that Lord Parshuram performed ‘Matru Shraddh’ at the Bindu
Sarovar and his temple is also created here for darshan
(worship).
Apart
from that, there are only five Swayambhu Lord Shiva temples in
India and all of them are in Sidhpur. They are the most important
worship places during the Hindu month of Shravan.
Every
year the Sidhpur Camel Festival which is a traditional fair is held
here during the Kartik month (the first month of the Hindu
calendar) from the 11th day to the 15th day which is known as
Karthika Poornima (full moon) at the banks of the Saraswati River.
It is a livestock fair in which the locals and tribals from
surrounding towns & villages participate. The camels and horses
are decorated brilliantly by their owners to display, buy or sell
them during the fair. The farmers bring in huge quantity of
sugarcanes which is also sold along with various other local
handicrafts items. The Kartikeya Temple opens for a week during
this fair. All in all, the fair has all the color and vigor of a
Gujarati mela.
The
town also holds importance for the Bohra Muslims, an affluent
Muslim community spread all over the world. They have contributed
significantly to the development of Sidhpur. Their old Havelis and
mansions, some over 100 years old have a markedly European flavor
and a walk through the ‘Bohra Vad’ is like a stroll through an
England replete with the lamp lighters at dusk. So enamored were
they by the style & existence of living in the 19th century
Europe that as a sign of opulence and to gain respectability
amongst the community they tried to create a slice of Europe in
their hometown. This, they did by imitating the Victorian
architecture. The facades are rich in variety and aesthetic
expression with intricate details in wood. Thus the living spaces
of the Bohra community or the so-called ‘Bohra Havelis’ represent a
nostalgic visual straight out of a Dickenson novel.